Cloud optimized access to NASA data with earthaccess and virtualizarr¶

This notebook will focus on the usage of earthaccess.open_virtual_dataset and earthaccess.open_virtual_mfdataset to create cloud optimized reference files for the data stored in the cloud.

All of the examples in this tutorial load data over https (access="indirect"). However, there is a significant speed improvement when using these functions in-cloud and enabling access="direct". For example, using managed cloud JupyterHubs like NASA VEDA or 2i2c Openscapes. This is because the data is streamed directly from cloud storage to cloud compute.

WARNING: This feature is current experimental and may change in the future. This feature relies on NASA DMR++ metadata files which may not always be present for your dataset and you may get a FileNotFoundError.

In [1]:

Copied!

import earthaccess
import xarray as xr
import earthaccess
import xarray as xr

In [2]:

Copied!





# NASA JPL Multiscale Ultrahigh Resolution (MUR) Sea Surface Temperature (SST) dataset - 0.01 degree resolution
results = earthaccess.search_data(
    temporal=("2010-01-01", "2010-01-31"), short_name="MUR-JPL-L4-GLOB-v4.1"
)
len(results)
# NASA JPL Multiscale Ultrahigh Resolution (MUR) Sea Surface Temperature (SST) dataset - 0.01 degree resolution
results = earthaccess.search_data(
    temporal=("2010-01-01", "2010-01-31"), short_name="MUR-JPL-L4-GLOB-v4.1"
)
len(results)

Out[2]:

In [3]:

Copied!





%%time
mur = earthaccess.open_virtual_mfdataset(
    results,
    access="indirect",
    load=True,
    concat_dim="time",
    coords="all",
    compat="override",
    combine_attrs="drop_conflicts",
)
mur
%%time
mur = earthaccess.open_virtual_mfdataset(
    results,
    access="indirect",
    load=True,
    concat_dim="time",
    coords="all",
    compat="override",
    combine_attrs="drop_conflicts",
)
mur

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
File <timed exec>:1

File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/earthaccess/envs/973/lib/python3.11/site-packages/earthaccess/dmrpp_zarr.py:131, in open_virtual_mfdataset(granules, group, access, load, preprocess, parallel, **xr_combine_nested_kwargs)
    129     refs = vds.virtualize.to_kerchunk(filepath=None, format="dict")
    130     protocol = "s3" if "s3" in fs.protocol else fs.protocol
--> 131     return xr.open_dataset(
    132         "reference://",
    133         engine="zarr",
    134         chunks={},
    135         backend_kwargs={
    136             "consolidated": False,
    137             "storage_options": {
    138                 "fo": refs,  # codespell:ignore
    139                 "remote_protocol": protocol,
    140                 "remote_options": fs.storage_options,
    141             },
    142         },
    143     )
    144 return vds

File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/earthaccess/envs/973/lib/python3.11/site-packages/xarray/backends/api.py:687, in open_dataset(filename_or_obj, engine, chunks, cache, decode_cf, mask_and_scale, decode_times, decode_timedelta, use_cftime, concat_characters, decode_coords, drop_variables, inline_array, chunked_array_type, from_array_kwargs, backend_kwargs, **kwargs)
    675 decoders = _resolve_decoders_kwargs(
    676     decode_cf,
    677     open_backend_dataset_parameters=backend.open_dataset_parameters,
   (...)    683     decode_coords=decode_coords,
    684 )
    686 overwrite_encoded_chunks = kwargs.pop("overwrite_encoded_chunks", None)
--> 687 backend_ds = backend.open_dataset(
    688     filename_or_obj,
    689     drop_variables=drop_variables,
    690     **decoders,
    691     **kwargs,
    692 )
    693 ds = _dataset_from_backend_dataset(
    694     backend_ds,
    695     filename_or_obj,
   (...)    705     **kwargs,
    706 )
    707 return ds

File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/earthaccess/envs/973/lib/python3.11/site-packages/xarray/backends/zarr.py:1608, in ZarrBackendEntrypoint.open_dataset(self, filename_or_obj, mask_and_scale, decode_times, concat_characters, decode_coords, drop_variables, use_cftime, decode_timedelta, group, mode, synchronizer, consolidated, chunk_store, storage_options, zarr_version, zarr_format, store, engine, use_zarr_fill_value_as_mask, cache_members)
   1606 filename_or_obj = _normalize_path(filename_or_obj)
   1607 if not store:
-> 1608     store = ZarrStore.open_group(
   1609         filename_or_obj,
   1610         group=group,
   1611         mode=mode,
   1612         synchronizer=synchronizer,
   1613         consolidated=consolidated,
   1614         consolidate_on_close=False,
   1615         chunk_store=chunk_store,
   1616         storage_options=storage_options,
   1617         zarr_version=zarr_version,
   1618         use_zarr_fill_value_as_mask=None,
   1619         zarr_format=zarr_format,
   1620         cache_members=cache_members,
   1621     )
   1623 store_entrypoint = StoreBackendEntrypoint()
   1624 with close_on_error(store):

File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/earthaccess/envs/973/lib/python3.11/site-packages/xarray/backends/zarr.py:732, in ZarrStore.open_group(cls, store, mode, synchronizer, group, consolidated, consolidate_on_close, chunk_store, storage_options, append_dim, write_region, safe_chunks, zarr_version, zarr_format, use_zarr_fill_value_as_mask, write_empty, cache_members)
    707 @classmethod
    708 def open_group(
    709     cls,
   (...)    725     cache_members: bool = True,
    726 ):
    727     (
    728         zarr_group,
    729         consolidate_on_close,
    730         close_store_on_close,
    731         use_zarr_fill_value_as_mask,
--> 732     ) = _get_open_params(
    733         store=store,
    734         mode=mode,
    735         synchronizer=synchronizer,
    736         group=group,
    737         consolidated=consolidated,
    738         consolidate_on_close=consolidate_on_close,
    739         chunk_store=chunk_store,
    740         storage_options=storage_options,
    741         zarr_version=zarr_version,
    742         use_zarr_fill_value_as_mask=use_zarr_fill_value_as_mask,
    743         zarr_format=zarr_format,
    744     )
    746     return cls(
    747         zarr_group,
    748         mode,
   (...)    756         cache_members,
    757     )

File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/earthaccess/envs/973/lib/python3.11/site-packages/xarray/backends/zarr.py:1845, in _get_open_params(store, mode, synchronizer, group, consolidated, consolidate_on_close, chunk_store, storage_options, zarr_version, use_zarr_fill_value_as_mask, zarr_format)
   1841     if _zarr_v3():
   1842         # we have determined that we don't want to use consolidated metadata
   1843         # so we set that to False to avoid trying to read it
   1844         open_kwargs["use_consolidated"] = False
-> 1845     zarr_group = zarr.open_group(store, **open_kwargs)
   1847 close_store_on_close = zarr_group.store is not store
   1849 # we use this to determine how to handle fill_value

File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/earthaccess/envs/973/lib/python3.11/site-packages/zarr/_compat.py:43, in _deprecate_positional_args.<locals>._inner_deprecate_positional_args.<locals>.inner_f(*args, **kwargs)
     41 extra_args = len(args) - len(all_args)
     42 if extra_args <= 0:
---> 43     return f(*args, **kwargs)
     45 # extra_args > 0
     46 args_msg = [
     47     f"{name}={arg}"
     48     for name, arg in zip(kwonly_args[:extra_args], args[-extra_args:], strict=False)
     49 ]

File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/earthaccess/envs/973/lib/python3.11/site-packages/zarr/api/synchronous.py:527, in open_group(store, mode, cache_attrs, synchronizer, path, chunk_store, storage_options, zarr_version, zarr_format, meta_array, attributes, use_consolidated)
    449 @_deprecate_positional_args
    450 def open_group(
    451     store: StoreLike | None = None,
   (...)    463     use_consolidated: bool | str | None = None,
    464 ) -> Group:
    465     """Open a group using file-mode-like semantics.
    466 
    467     Parameters
   (...)    524         The new group.
    525     """
    526     return Group(
--> 527         sync(
    528             async_api.open_group(
    529                 store=store,
    530                 mode=mode,
    531                 cache_attrs=cache_attrs,
    532                 synchronizer=synchronizer,
    533                 path=path,
    534                 chunk_store=chunk_store,
    535                 storage_options=storage_options,
    536                 zarr_version=zarr_version,
    537                 zarr_format=zarr_format,
    538                 meta_array=meta_array,
    539                 attributes=attributes,
    540                 use_consolidated=use_consolidated,
    541             )
    542         )
    543     )

File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/earthaccess/envs/973/lib/python3.11/site-packages/zarr/core/sync.py:163, in sync(coro, loop, timeout)
    160 return_result = next(iter(finished)).result()
    162 if isinstance(return_result, BaseException):
--> 163     raise return_result
    164 else:
    165     return return_result

File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/earthaccess/envs/973/lib/python3.11/site-packages/zarr/core/sync.py:119, in _runner(coro)
    114 """
    115 Await a coroutine and return the result of running it. If awaiting the coroutine raises an
    116 exception, the exception will be returned.
    117 """
    118 try:
--> 119     return await coro
    120 except Exception as ex:
    121     return ex

File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/earthaccess/envs/973/lib/python3.11/site-packages/zarr/api/asynchronous.py:806, in open_group(store, mode, cache_attrs, synchronizer, path, chunk_store, storage_options, zarr_version, zarr_format, meta_array, attributes, use_consolidated)
    803 if chunk_store is not None:
    804     warnings.warn("chunk_store is not yet implemented", RuntimeWarning, stacklevel=2)
--> 806 store_path = await make_store_path(store, mode=mode, storage_options=storage_options, path=path)
    808 if attributes is None:
    809     attributes = {}

File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/earthaccess/envs/973/lib/python3.11/site-packages/zarr/storage/_common.py:305, in make_store_path(store_like, path, mode, storage_options)
    303 if _is_fsspec_uri(store_like):
    304     used_storage_options = True
--> 305     store = FsspecStore.from_url(
    306         store_like, storage_options=storage_options, read_only=_read_only
    307     )
    308 else:
    309     store = await LocalStore.open(root=Path(store_like), read_only=_read_only)

File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/earthaccess/envs/973/lib/python3.11/site-packages/zarr/storage/_fsspec.py:176, in FsspecStore.from_url(cls, url, storage_options, read_only, allowed_exceptions)
    173 opts = storage_options or {}
    174 opts = {"asynchronous": True, **opts}
--> 176 fs, path = url_to_fs(url, **opts)
    177 if not fs.async_impl:
    178     try:

File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/earthaccess/envs/973/lib/python3.11/site-packages/fsspec/core.py:415, in url_to_fs(url, **kwargs)
    413     inkwargs["fo"] = urls
    414 urlpath, protocol, _ = chain[0]
--> 415 fs = filesystem(protocol, **inkwargs)
    416 return fs, urlpath

File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/earthaccess/envs/973/lib/python3.11/site-packages/fsspec/registry.py:310, in filesystem(protocol, **storage_options)
    303     warnings.warn(
    304         "The 'arrow_hdfs' protocol has been deprecated and will be "
    305         "removed in the future. Specify it as 'hdfs'.",
    306         DeprecationWarning,
    307     )
    309 cls = get_filesystem_class(protocol)
--> 310 return cls(**storage_options)

File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/earthaccess/envs/973/lib/python3.11/site-packages/fsspec/spec.py:81, in _Cached.__call__(cls, *args, **kwargs)
     79     return cls._cache[token]
     80 else:
---> 81     obj = super().__call__(*args, **kwargs)
     82     # Setting _fs_token here causes some static linters to complain.
     83     obj._fs_token_ = token

File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/earthaccess/envs/973/lib/python3.11/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/reference.py:770, in ReferenceFileSystem.__init__(self, fo, target, ref_storage_args, target_protocol, target_options, remote_protocol, remote_options, fs, template_overrides, simple_templates, max_gap, max_block, cache_size, **kwargs)
    768     self.fss[k] = AsyncFileSystemWrapper(f, asynchronous=self.asynchronous)
    769 elif self.asynchronous ^ f.asynchronous:
--> 770     raise ValueError(
    771         "Reference-FS's target filesystem must have same value"
    772         "of asynchronous"
    773     )

ValueError: Reference-FS's target filesystem must have same valueof asynchronous

In [4]:

Copied!

print(f"{mur.nbytes / 1e9} GB")
print(f"{mur.nbytes / 1e9} GB")

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[4], line 1
----> 1 print(f"{mur.nbytes / 1e9} GB")

NameError: name 'mur' is not defined

In [5]:

Copied!

mur.isel(time=0).sel(
    lat=slice(20, 45), lon=slice(-95, -50)
).analysed_sst.plot.pcolormesh(x="lon", y="lat", cmap="plasma", figsize=(8, 4))
mur.isel(time=0).sel(
    lat=slice(20, 45), lon=slice(-95, -50)
).analysed_sst.plot.pcolormesh(x="lon", y="lat", cmap="plasma", figsize=(8, 4))

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[5], line 1
----> 1 mur.isel(time=0).sel(
      2     lat=slice(20, 45), lon=slice(-95, -50)
      3 ).analysed_sst.plot.pcolormesh(x="lon", y="lat", cmap="plasma", figsize=(8, 4))

NameError: name 'mur' is not defined

Save virtual reference file and load with xarray¶

If you have a dataset you frequently access or you want to share this blueprint file with others, it is recommended to create a virtual reference file that points to the data in the cloud. This allows xarray to rapidly load the dataset as if it was a Zarr store.

Notice below that load=False. This means that the output of open_virtual_mfdataset is a virtual xarray Dataset that contains only chunk information and metadata. You can modify this dataset, then save it to a virtual reference file (as JSON), and then simply load that file with xarray. For more information on virtual reference files, see the virtualizarr documentation.

Sample workflow:

Open a dataset with open_virtual_mfdataset with load=False
Modify the dataset as needed
Save the dataset to a virtual reference file with vds.virtualize.to_kerchunk(...)
Load the virtual reference file with xr.open_dataset(..., engine='kerchunk')

In [6]:

Copied!





%%time
mur_vds = earthaccess.open_virtual_mfdataset(
    results,
    access="indirect",
    load=False,
    concat_dim="time",
    coords="all",
    compat="override",
    combine_attrs="drop_conflicts",
)
mur_vds
%%time
mur_vds = earthaccess.open_virtual_mfdataset(
    results,
    access="indirect",
    load=False,
    concat_dim="time",
    coords="all",
    compat="override",
    combine_attrs="drop_conflicts",
)
mur_vds

CPU times: user 926 ms, sys: 21.8 ms, total: 948 ms
Wall time: 24.4 s

Out[6]:

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 124GB
Dimensions:           (time: 32, lat: 17999, lon: 36000)
Coordinates:
    time              (time) int32 128B ManifestArray<shape=(32,), dtype=int3...
    lat               (lat) float32 72kB ManifestArray<shape=(17999,), dtype=...
    lon               (lon) float32 144kB ManifestArray<shape=(36000,), dtype...
Data variables:
    mask              (time, lat, lon) int8 21GB ManifestArray<shape=(32, 179...
    sea_ice_fraction  (time, lat, lon) int8 21GB ManifestArray<shape=(32, 179...
    analysed_sst      (time, lat, lon) int16 41GB ManifestArray<shape=(32, 17...
    analysis_error    (time, lat, lon) int16 41GB ManifestArray<shape=(32, 17...
Attributes: (12/42)
    Conventions:                CF-1.5
    title:                      Daily MUR SST, Final product
    summary:                    A merged, multi-sensor L4 Foundation SST anal...
    references:                 http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/Multi-scale_Ultra-...
    institution:                Jet Propulsion Laboratory
    history:                    created at nominal 4-day latency; replaced nr...
    ...                         ...
    project:                    NASA Making Earth Science Data Records for Us...
    publisher_name:             GHRSST Project Office
    publisher_url:              http://www.ghrsst.org
    publisher_email:            ghrsst-po@nceo.ac.uk
    processing_level:           L4
    cdm_data_type:              grid

xarray.Dataset

Dimensions:
- time: 32
- lat: 17999
- lon: 36000
Coordinates: (3)
- time
  (time)
  int32
  ManifestArray<shape=(32,), dtype...
  long_name :
  reference time of sst field
  standard_name :
  time
  axis :
  T
  units :
  seconds since 1981-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
  comment :
  Nominal time of analyzed fields
```
ManifestArray<shape=(32,), dtype=int32, chunks=(1,)>
```
- lat
  (lat)
  float32
  ManifestArray<shape=(17999,), dt...
  long_name :
  latitude
  standard_name :
  latitude
  axis :
  Y
  units :
  degrees_north
  valid_min :
  -90.0
  valid_max :
  90.0
  comment :
  none
```
ManifestArray<shape=(17999,), dtype=float32, chunks=(17999,)>
```
- lon
  (lon)
  float32
  ManifestArray<shape=(36000,), dt...
  long_name :
  longitude
  standard_name :
  longitude
  axis :
  X
  units :
  degrees_east
  valid_min :
  -180.0
  valid_max :
  180.0
  comment :
  none
```
ManifestArray<shape=(36000,), dtype=float32, chunks=(36000,)>
```
Data variables: (4)
- mask
  (time, lat, lon)
  int8
  ManifestArray<shape=(32, 17999, ...
  long_name :
  sea/land field composite mask
  valid_min :
  1
  valid_max :
  31
  flag_masks :
  [1, 2, 4, 8, 16]
  flag_values :
  [1, 2, 5, 9, 13]
  flag_meanings :
  1=open-sea, 2=land, 5=open-lake, 9=open-sea with ice in the grid, 13=open-lake with ice in the grid
  comment :
  mask can be used to further filter the data.
  coordinates :
  lon lat
  source :
  GMT "grdlandmask", ice flag from sea_ice_fraction data
```
ManifestArray<shape=(32, 17999, 36000), dtype=int8, chunks=(1, 1447, 2895)>
```
- sea_ice_fraction
  (time, lat, lon)
  int8
  ManifestArray<shape=(32, 17999, ...
  long_name :
  sea ice area fraction
  standard_name :
  sea ice area fraction
  units :
  fraction (between 0 and 1)
  add_offset :
  0.0
  scale_factor :
  0.01
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  100
  source :
  EUMETSAT OSI-SAF, copyright EUMETSAT
  comment :
  ice data interpolated by a nearest neighbor approach.
  coordinates :
  lon lat
```
ManifestArray<shape=(32, 17999, 36000), dtype=int8, chunks=(1, 1447, 2895)>
```
- analysed_sst
  (time, lat, lon)
  int16
  ManifestArray<shape=(32, 17999, ...
  long_name :
  analysed sea surface temperature
  standard_name :
  sea_surface_foundation_temperature
  units :
  kelvin
  add_offset :
  298.15
  scale_factor :
  0.001
  valid_min :
  -32767
  valid_max :
  32767
  comment :
  "Final" version using Multi-Resolution Variational Analysis (MRVA) method for interpolation
  coordinates :
  lon lat
  source :
  AMSRE-REMSS, AVHRR18_G-NAVO, MODIS_A-JPL, MODIS_T-JPL, iQUAM-NOAA/NESDIS, Ice_Conc-OSISAF
```
ManifestArray<shape=(32, 17999, 36000), dtype=int16, chunks=(1, 1023, 2047)>
```
- analysis_error
  (time, lat, lon)
  int16
  ManifestArray<shape=(32, 17999, ...
  long_name :
  estimated error standard deviation of analysed_sst
  units :
  kelvin
  add_offset :
  0.0
  scale_factor :
  0.01
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  32767
  comment :
  none
  coordinates :
  lon lat
```
ManifestArray<shape=(32, 17999, 36000), dtype=int16, chunks=(1, 1023, 2047)>
```
Indexes: (0)
Attributes: (42)
Conventions :
CF-1.5
title :
Daily MUR SST, Final product
summary :
A merged, multi-sensor L4 Foundation SST analysis product from JPL.
references :
http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/Multi-scale_Ultra-high_Resolution_MUR-SST
institution :
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
history :
created at nominal 4-day latency; replaced nrt (1-day latency) version.
comment :
MUR = "Multi-scale Ultra-high Reolution"
license :
These data are available free of charge under data policy of JPL PO.DAAC.
id :
MUR-JPL-L4-GLOB-v04.1
naming_authority :
org.ghrsst
product_version :
04.1
uuid :
27665bc0-d5fc-11e1-9b23-0800200c9a66
gds_version_id :
2.0
netcdf_version_id :
4.1
file_quality_level :
1
source :
AMSRE-REMSS, AVHRR18_G-NAVO, MODIS_A-JPL, MODIS_T-JPL, iQUAM-NOAA/NESDIS, Ice_Conc-OSISAF
platform :
Aqua, DMSP, NOAA-POES, Suomi-NPP, Terra
sensor :
AMSR-E, AVHRR, MODIS, SSM/I, VIIRS, in-situ
Metadata_Conventions :
Unidata Observation Dataset v1.0
metadata_link :
http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/ws/metadata/dataset/?format=iso&shortName=MUR-JPL-L4-GLOB-v04.1
keywords :
Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Sea Surface Temperature
keywords_vocabulary :
NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
standard_name_vocabulary :
NetCDF Climate and Forecast (CF) Metadata Convention
southernmost_latitude :
-90.0
northernmost_latitude :
90.0
westernmost_longitude :
-180.0
easternmost_longitude :
180.0
spatial_resolution :
0.01 degrees
geospatial_lat_units :
degrees north
geospatial_lat_resolution :
0.01 degrees
geospatial_lon_units :
degrees east
geospatial_lon_resolution :
0.01 degrees
acknowledgment :
Please acknowledge the use of these data with the following statement: These data were provided by JPL under support by NASA MEaSUREs program.
creator_name :
JPL MUR SST project
creator_email :
ghrsst@podaac.jpl.nasa.gov
creator_url :
http://mur.jpl.nasa.gov
project :
NASA Making Earth Science Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) Program
publisher_name :
GHRSST Project Office
publisher_url :
http://www.ghrsst.org
publisher_email :
ghrsst-po@nceo.ac.uk
processing_level :
L4
cdm_data_type :
grid

In [7]:

Copied!

# Example of what's inside this virtual dataset
print(mur_vds.analysed_sst.data.zarray)
print(mur_vds.analysed_sst.data.manifest.dict()["0.0.1"])
# Example of what's inside this virtual dataset
print(mur_vds.analysed_sst.data.zarray)
print(mur_vds.analysed_sst.data.manifest.dict()["0.0.1"])

ZArray(shape=(32, 17999, 36000), chunks=(1, 1023, 2047), dtype=dtype('int16'), fill_value=-32768, order='C', compressor=None, filters=[{'id': 'shuffle', 'elementsize': 2}, {'id': 'zlib', 'level': 6}], zarr_format=2)
{'path': 'https://archive.podaac.earthdata.nasa.gov/podaac-ops-cumulus-protected/MUR-JPL-L4-GLOB-v4.1/20100101090000-JPL-L4_GHRSST-SSTfnd-MUR-GLOB-v02.0-fv04.1.nc', 'offset': 44835, 'length': 4083}

In [8]:

Copied!

mur_vds.virtualize.to_kerchunk(filepath="mur_kerchunk.json", format="json")
mur_vds.virtualize.to_kerchunk(filepath="mur_kerchunk.json", format="json")

In [9]:

Copied!





%%time
fs = earthaccess.get_fsspec_https_session()
ds = xr.open_dataset(
    "reference://",
    engine="zarr",
    chunks={},
    backend_kwargs={
        "consolidated": False,
        "storage_options": {
            "fo": "mur_kerchunk.json",
            "remote_protocol": fs.protocol,
            "remote_options": fs.storage_options,
        },
    },
)
print(ds)
%%time
fs = earthaccess.get_fsspec_https_session()
ds = xr.open_dataset(
    "reference://",
    engine="zarr",
    chunks={},
    backend_kwargs={
        "consolidated": False,
        "storage_options": {
            "fo": "mur_kerchunk.json",
            "remote_protocol": fs.protocol,
            "remote_options": fs.storage_options,
        },
    },
)
print(ds)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
File <timed exec>:2

File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/earthaccess/envs/973/lib/python3.11/site-packages/xarray/backends/api.py:687, in open_dataset(filename_or_obj, engine, chunks, cache, decode_cf, mask_and_scale, decode_times, decode_timedelta, use_cftime, concat_characters, decode_coords, drop_variables, inline_array, chunked_array_type, from_array_kwargs, backend_kwargs, **kwargs)
    675 decoders = _resolve_decoders_kwargs(
    676     decode_cf,
    677     open_backend_dataset_parameters=backend.open_dataset_parameters,
   (...)    683     decode_coords=decode_coords,
    684 )
    686 overwrite_encoded_chunks = kwargs.pop("overwrite_encoded_chunks", None)
--> 687 backend_ds = backend.open_dataset(
    688     filename_or_obj,
    689     drop_variables=drop_variables,
    690     **decoders,
    691     **kwargs,
    692 )
    693 ds = _dataset_from_backend_dataset(
    694     backend_ds,
    695     filename_or_obj,
   (...)    705     **kwargs,
    706 )
    707 return ds

File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/earthaccess/envs/973/lib/python3.11/site-packages/xarray/backends/zarr.py:1608, in ZarrBackendEntrypoint.open_dataset(self, filename_or_obj, mask_and_scale, decode_times, concat_characters, decode_coords, drop_variables, use_cftime, decode_timedelta, group, mode, synchronizer, consolidated, chunk_store, storage_options, zarr_version, zarr_format, store, engine, use_zarr_fill_value_as_mask, cache_members)
   1606 filename_or_obj = _normalize_path(filename_or_obj)
   1607 if not store:
-> 1608     store = ZarrStore.open_group(
   1609         filename_or_obj,
   1610         group=group,
   1611         mode=mode,
   1612         synchronizer=synchronizer,
   1613         consolidated=consolidated,
   1614         consolidate_on_close=False,
   1615         chunk_store=chunk_store,
   1616         storage_options=storage_options,
   1617         zarr_version=zarr_version,
   1618         use_zarr_fill_value_as_mask=None,
   1619         zarr_format=zarr_format,
   1620         cache_members=cache_members,
   1621     )
   1623 store_entrypoint = StoreBackendEntrypoint()
   1624 with close_on_error(store):

File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/earthaccess/envs/973/lib/python3.11/site-packages/xarray/backends/zarr.py:732, in ZarrStore.open_group(cls, store, mode, synchronizer, group, consolidated, consolidate_on_close, chunk_store, storage_options, append_dim, write_region, safe_chunks, zarr_version, zarr_format, use_zarr_fill_value_as_mask, write_empty, cache_members)
    707 @classmethod
    708 def open_group(
    709     cls,
   (...)    725     cache_members: bool = True,
    726 ):
    727     (
    728         zarr_group,
    729         consolidate_on_close,
    730         close_store_on_close,
    731         use_zarr_fill_value_as_mask,
--> 732     ) = _get_open_params(
    733         store=store,
    734         mode=mode,
    735         synchronizer=synchronizer,
    736         group=group,
    737         consolidated=consolidated,
    738         consolidate_on_close=consolidate_on_close,
    739         chunk_store=chunk_store,
    740         storage_options=storage_options,
    741         zarr_version=zarr_version,
    742         use_zarr_fill_value_as_mask=use_zarr_fill_value_as_mask,
    743         zarr_format=zarr_format,
    744     )
    746     return cls(
    747         zarr_group,
    748         mode,
   (...)    756         cache_members,
    757     )

File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/earthaccess/envs/973/lib/python3.11/site-packages/xarray/backends/zarr.py:1845, in _get_open_params(store, mode, synchronizer, group, consolidated, consolidate_on_close, chunk_store, storage_options, zarr_version, use_zarr_fill_value_as_mask, zarr_format)
   1841     if _zarr_v3():
   1842         # we have determined that we don't want to use consolidated metadata
   1843         # so we set that to False to avoid trying to read it
   1844         open_kwargs["use_consolidated"] = False
-> 1845     zarr_group = zarr.open_group(store, **open_kwargs)
   1847 close_store_on_close = zarr_group.store is not store
   1849 # we use this to determine how to handle fill_value

File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/earthaccess/envs/973/lib/python3.11/site-packages/zarr/_compat.py:43, in _deprecate_positional_args.<locals>._inner_deprecate_positional_args.<locals>.inner_f(*args, **kwargs)
     41 extra_args = len(args) - len(all_args)
     42 if extra_args <= 0:
---> 43     return f(*args, **kwargs)
     45 # extra_args > 0
     46 args_msg = [
     47     f"{name}={arg}"
     48     for name, arg in zip(kwonly_args[:extra_args], args[-extra_args:], strict=False)
     49 ]

File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/earthaccess/envs/973/lib/python3.11/site-packages/zarr/api/synchronous.py:527, in open_group(store, mode, cache_attrs, synchronizer, path, chunk_store, storage_options, zarr_version, zarr_format, meta_array, attributes, use_consolidated)
    449 @_deprecate_positional_args
    450 def open_group(
    451     store: StoreLike | None = None,
   (...)    463     use_consolidated: bool | str | None = None,
    464 ) -> Group:
    465     """Open a group using file-mode-like semantics.
    466 
    467     Parameters
   (...)    524         The new group.
    525     """
    526     return Group(
--> 527         sync(
    528             async_api.open_group(
    529                 store=store,
    530                 mode=mode,
    531                 cache_attrs=cache_attrs,
    532                 synchronizer=synchronizer,
    533                 path=path,
    534                 chunk_store=chunk_store,
    535                 storage_options=storage_options,
    536                 zarr_version=zarr_version,
    537                 zarr_format=zarr_format,
    538                 meta_array=meta_array,
    539                 attributes=attributes,
    540                 use_consolidated=use_consolidated,
    541             )
    542         )
    543     )

File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/earthaccess/envs/973/lib/python3.11/site-packages/zarr/core/sync.py:163, in sync(coro, loop, timeout)
    160 return_result = next(iter(finished)).result()
    162 if isinstance(return_result, BaseException):
--> 163     raise return_result
    164 else:
    165     return return_result

File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/earthaccess/envs/973/lib/python3.11/site-packages/zarr/core/sync.py:119, in _runner(coro)
    114 """
    115 Await a coroutine and return the result of running it. If awaiting the coroutine raises an
    116 exception, the exception will be returned.
    117 """
    118 try:
--> 119     return await coro
    120 except Exception as ex:
    121     return ex

File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/earthaccess/envs/973/lib/python3.11/site-packages/zarr/api/asynchronous.py:806, in open_group(store, mode, cache_attrs, synchronizer, path, chunk_store, storage_options, zarr_version, zarr_format, meta_array, attributes, use_consolidated)
    803 if chunk_store is not None:
    804     warnings.warn("chunk_store is not yet implemented", RuntimeWarning, stacklevel=2)
--> 806 store_path = await make_store_path(store, mode=mode, storage_options=storage_options, path=path)
    808 if attributes is None:
    809     attributes = {}

File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/earthaccess/envs/973/lib/python3.11/site-packages/zarr/storage/_common.py:305, in make_store_path(store_like, path, mode, storage_options)
    303 if _is_fsspec_uri(store_like):
    304     used_storage_options = True
--> 305     store = FsspecStore.from_url(
    306         store_like, storage_options=storage_options, read_only=_read_only
    307     )
    308 else:
    309     store = await LocalStore.open(root=Path(store_like), read_only=_read_only)

File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/earthaccess/envs/973/lib/python3.11/site-packages/zarr/storage/_fsspec.py:176, in FsspecStore.from_url(cls, url, storage_options, read_only, allowed_exceptions)
    173 opts = storage_options or {}
    174 opts = {"asynchronous": True, **opts}
--> 176 fs, path = url_to_fs(url, **opts)
    177 if not fs.async_impl:
    178     try:

File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/earthaccess/envs/973/lib/python3.11/site-packages/fsspec/core.py:415, in url_to_fs(url, **kwargs)
    413     inkwargs["fo"] = urls
    414 urlpath, protocol, _ = chain[0]
--> 415 fs = filesystem(protocol, **inkwargs)
    416 return fs, urlpath

File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/earthaccess/envs/973/lib/python3.11/site-packages/fsspec/registry.py:310, in filesystem(protocol, **storage_options)
    303     warnings.warn(
    304         "The 'arrow_hdfs' protocol has been deprecated and will be "
    305         "removed in the future. Specify it as 'hdfs'.",
    306         DeprecationWarning,
    307     )
    309 cls = get_filesystem_class(protocol)
--> 310 return cls(**storage_options)

File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/earthaccess/envs/973/lib/python3.11/site-packages/fsspec/spec.py:81, in _Cached.__call__(cls, *args, **kwargs)
     79     return cls._cache[token]
     80 else:
---> 81     obj = super().__call__(*args, **kwargs)
     82     # Setting _fs_token here causes some static linters to complain.
     83     obj._fs_token_ = token

File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/earthaccess/envs/973/lib/python3.11/site-packages/fsspec/implementations/reference.py:770, in ReferenceFileSystem.__init__(self, fo, target, ref_storage_args, target_protocol, target_options, remote_protocol, remote_options, fs, template_overrides, simple_templates, max_gap, max_block, cache_size, **kwargs)
    768     self.fss[k] = AsyncFileSystemWrapper(f, asynchronous=self.asynchronous)
    769 elif self.asynchronous ^ f.asynchronous:
--> 770     raise ValueError(
    771         "Reference-FS's target filesystem must have same value"
    772         "of asynchronous"
    773     )

ValueError: Reference-FS's target filesystem must have same valueof asynchronous

Read datasets with groups¶

In [10]:

Copied!

# NASA TEMPO NO2 tropospheric and stratospheric columns V03
results = earthaccess.search_data(count=2, doi="10.5067/IS-40e/TEMPO/NO2_L2.003")
len(results)
# NASA TEMPO NO2 tropospheric and stratospheric columns V03
results = earthaccess.search_data(count=2, doi="10.5067/IS-40e/TEMPO/NO2_L2.003")
len(results)

Out[10]:

In [11]:

Copied!

earthaccess.open_virtual_dataset(results[0], group="product")
earthaccess.open_virtual_dataset(results[0], group="product")

Out[11]:

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 7MB
Dimensions:                                  (mirror_step: 123, xtrack: 2048)
Dimensions without coordinates: mirror_step, xtrack
Data variables:
    main_data_quality_flag                   (mirror_step, xtrack) int16 504kB ManifestArray<shape=(123, 2048), dtype=int16, chunks=(123, 2048...
    vertical_column_troposphere              (mirror_step, xtrack) float64 2MB ManifestArray<shape=(123, 2048), dtype=float64, chunks=(123, 2048...
    vertical_column_stratosphere             (mirror_step, xtrack) float64 2MB ManifestArray<shape=(123, 2048), dtype=float64, chunks=(123, 2048...
    vertical_column_troposphere_uncertainty  (mirror_step, xtrack) float64 2MB ManifestArray<shape=(123, 2048), dtype=float64, chunks=(123, 2048...

xarray.Dataset

Dimensions:
- mirror_step: 123
- xtrack: 2048
Coordinates: (0)
Data variables: (4)
- main_data_quality_flag
  (mirror_step, xtrack)
  int16
  ManifestArray<shape=(123, 2048),...
  long_name :
  main data quality flag
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  2
  coordinates :
  time longitude latitude
  flag_meanings :
  normal suspicious bad
  flag_values :
  [0, 1, 2]
```
ManifestArray<shape=(123, 2048), dtype=int16, chunks=(123, 2048)>
```
- vertical_column_troposphere
  (mirror_step, xtrack)
  float64
  ManifestArray<shape=(123, 2048),...
  coordinates :
  time longitude latitude
  long_name :
  troposphere nitrogen dioxide vertical column
  units :
  molecules/cm^2
```
ManifestArray<shape=(123, 2048), dtype=float64, chunks=(123, 2048)>
```
- vertical_column_stratosphere
  (mirror_step, xtrack)
  float64
  ManifestArray<shape=(123, 2048),...
  coordinates :
  time longitude latitude
  long_name :
  stratosphere nitrogen dioxide vertical column
  units :
  molecules/cm^2
```
ManifestArray<shape=(123, 2048), dtype=float64, chunks=(123, 2048)>
```
- vertical_column_troposphere_uncertainty
  (mirror_step, xtrack)
  float64
  ManifestArray<shape=(123, 2048),...
  coordinates :
  time longitude latitude
  long_name :
  troposphere nitrogen dioxide vertical column uncertainty
  units :
  molecules/cm^2
```
ManifestArray<shape=(123, 2048), dtype=float64, chunks=(123, 2048)>
```
Indexes: (0)
Attributes: (0)

Advanced: Preprocess the datasets¶

You can also preprocess the datasets before saving the virtual reference file. This is useful if you want to apply a function to the datasets before concatentaion. For example, the SWOT_L2_LR_SSH_Expert_2.0 dataset (from NASA JPL SWOT satellite) is an L2 product where each file represents a single pass of the satellite. If you want to combine all the passes into a single dataset, you can concatenate the datasets using cycle_number and pass_number which are only found in the attributes of each netcdf file.

The preprocess function and argument allows us to turn those attributes into dimensions first, and then concatenate along this new dimension.

In [12]:

Copied!

results = earthaccess.search_data(
    count=10, temporal=("2023"), short_name="SWOT_L2_LR_SSH_Expert_2.0"
)
results = earthaccess.search_data(
    count=10, temporal=("2023"), short_name="SWOT_L2_LR_SSH_Expert_2.0"
)

In [13]:

Copied!





%%time


def preprocess(ds: xr.Dataset) -> xr.Dataset:
    # Add cycle number and pass_number as dimensions
    return ds.expand_dims(["cycle_num", "pass_num"]).assign_coords(
        cycle_num=[ds.attrs["cycle_number"]], pass_num=[ds.attrs["pass_number"]]
    )


swot = earthaccess.open_virtual_mfdataset(
    results,
    access="indirect",
    load=False,
    preprocess=preprocess,
    concat_dim="pass_num",
    coords="all",
    compat="override",
    combine_attrs="drop_conflicts",
)
swot
%%time


def preprocess(ds: xr.Dataset) -> xr.Dataset:
    # Add cycle number and pass_number as dimensions
    return ds.expand_dims(["cycle_num", "pass_num"]).assign_coords(
        cycle_num=[ds.attrs["cycle_number"]], pass_num=[ds.attrs["pass_number"]]
    )


swot = earthaccess.open_virtual_mfdataset(
    results,
    access="indirect",
    load=False,
    preprocess=preprocess,
    concat_dim="pass_num",
    coords="all",
    compat="override",
    combine_attrs="drop_conflicts",
)
swot

CPU times: user 530 ms, sys: 10.2 ms, total: 540 ms
Wall time: 10.9 s

Out[13]:

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 1GB
Dimensions:                                (cycle_num: 1, pass_num: 10,
                                            num_lines: 9866, num_pixels: 69,
                                            num_sides: 2)
Coordinates:
    longitude                              (pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels) int32 27MB ManifestArray<shape=(10, 9866, 69), dtype=int32, chunks=(1,...
    latitude                               (pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels) int32 27MB ManifestArray<shape=(10, 9866, 69), dtype=int32, chunks=(1,...
    latitude_nadir                         (pass_num, num_lines) int32 395kB ...
    longitude_nadir                        (pass_num, num_lines) int32 395kB ...
  * cycle_num                              (cycle_num) int64 8B 1
  * pass_num                               (pass_num) int64 80B 149 150 ... 158
Dimensions without coordinates: num_lines, num_pixels, num_sides
Data variables: (12/98)
    height_cor_xover_qual                  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels) uint8 7MB ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint8, chu...
    swh_ssb_cor_source                     (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels) uint8 7MB ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint8, chu...
    rain_rate                              (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels) uint8 7MB ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint8, chu...
    dynamic_ice_flag                       (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels) uint8 7MB ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint8, chu...
    orbit_qual                             (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines) uint8 99kB ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866), dtype=uint8, chunks=(1,...
    ancillary_surface_classification_flag  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels) uint8 7MB ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint8, chu...
    ...                                     ...
    sig0_cor_atmos_model                   (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels) float32 27MB ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=float32, ...
    cross_track_distance                   (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels) float32 27MB ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=float32, ...
    sig0_karin_uncert                      (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels) float32 27MB ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=float32, ...
    time                                   (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines) float64 789kB ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866), dtype=float64, chunks=...
    time_tai                               (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines) float64 789kB ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866), dtype=float64, chunks=...
    polarization_karin                     (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_sides) object 2MB ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 2), dtype=object, ch...
Attributes: (12/29)
    Conventions:                      CF-1.7
    title:                            Level 2 Low Rate Sea Surface Height Dat...
    institution:                      JPL
    source:                           Ka-band radar interferometer
    platform:                         SWOT
    reference_document:               D-56407_SWOT_Product_Description_L2_LR_SSH
    ...                               ...
    xref_pole_location_file:          SMM_PO1_AXXCNE20231122_020000_19900101_...
    xref_wave_model_files:            SMM_WMA_AXPCNE20230727_072014_20230726_...
    xref_geco_database_version:       v102
    ellipsoid_semi_major_axis:        6378137.0
    ellipsoid_flattening:             0.0033528106647474805
    references:                       V1.2.1

xarray.Dataset

Dimensions:
- cycle_num: 1
- pass_num: 10
- num_lines: 9866
- num_pixels: 69
- num_sides: 2
Coordinates: (6)
- longitude
  (pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int32
  ManifestArray<shape=(10, 9866, 6...
  long_name :
  longitude (degrees East)
  standard_name :
  longitude
  units :
  degrees_east
  scale_factor :
  1e-06
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  359999999
  comment :
  Longitude of measurement. East longitude relative to Greenwich meridian.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(10, 9866, 69), dtype=int32, chunks=(1, 9866, 69)>
```
- latitude
  (pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int32
  ManifestArray<shape=(10, 9866, 6...
  long_name :
  latitude (positive N, negative S)
  standard_name :
  latitude
  units :
  degrees_north
  scale_factor :
  1e-06
  valid_min :
  -80000000
  valid_max :
  80000000
  comment :
  Latitude of measurement [-80,80]. Positive latitude is North latitude, negative latitude is South latitude.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(10, 9866, 69), dtype=int32, chunks=(1, 9866, 69)>
```
- latitude_nadir
  (pass_num, num_lines)
  int32
  ManifestArray<shape=(10, 9866), ...
  long_name :
  latitude of satellite nadir point
  standard_name :
  latitude
  units :
  degrees_north
  scale_factor :
  1e-06
  quality_flag :
  orbit_qual
  valid_min :
  -80000000
  valid_max :
  80000000
  comment :
  Geodetic latitude [-80,80] (degrees north of equator) of the satellite nadir point.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(10, 9866), dtype=int32, chunks=(1, 9866)>
```
- longitude_nadir
  (pass_num, num_lines)
  int32
  ManifestArray<shape=(10, 9866), ...
  long_name :
  longitude of satellite nadir point
  standard_name :
  longitude
  units :
  degrees_east
  scale_factor :
  1e-06
  quality_flag :
  orbit_qual
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  359999999
  comment :
  Longitude (degrees east of Grenwich meridian) of the satellite nadir point.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(10, 9866), dtype=int32, chunks=(1, 9866)>
```
- cycle_num
  (cycle_num)
  int64
  1
```
array([1])
```
- pass_num
  (pass_num)
  int64
  149 150 151 152 ... 155 156 157 158
```
array([149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158])
```
Data variables: (98)
- height_cor_xover_qual
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  uint8
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  quality flag for height correction from crossover calibration
  standard_name :
  status_flag
  flag_meanings :
  good suspect bad
  flag_values :
  [0, 1, 2]
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  2
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Flag indicating the quality of the height correction from crossover calibration. Values of 0, 1, and 2 indicate that the correction is good, suspect, and bad, respectively.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint8, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- swh_ssb_cor_source
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  uint8
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  source flag for significant wave height information used to compute sea state bias correction
  standard_name :
  status_flag
  flag_meanings :
  nadir_altimeter karin model
  flag_masks :
  [1, 2, 4]
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  7
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Bit flag that indicates the source of significant wave height information that was used to compute the sea state bias correction in sea_state_bias_cor.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint8, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- rain_rate
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  uint8
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  rain rate from weather model
  source :
  European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
  institution :
  ECMWF
  units :
  mm/hr
  scale_factor :
  1.0
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  200
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Rain rate from weather model.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint8, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- dynamic_ice_flag
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  uint8
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  dynamic ice flag
  standard_name :
  status_flag
  source :
  EUMETSAT Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Applications Facility
  institution :
  EUMETSAT
  flag_meanings :
  no_ice probable_ice ice no_data
  flag_values :
  [0, 1, 2, 3]
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  3
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Dynamic ice flag for the location of the KaRIn measurement.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint8, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- orbit_qual
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines)
  uint8
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  orbit quality flag
  standard_name :
  status_flag
  flag_meanings :
  good orbit_estimated_during_a_maneuver orbit_interpolated_over_data_gap orbit_extrapolated_for_a_duration_less_than_1_day orbit_extrapolated_for_a_duration_between_1_to_2_days orbit_extrapolated_for_a_duration_greater_than_2_days bad_attitude
  flag_values :
  [0, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 64]
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  64
  coordinates :
  longitude_nadir latitude_nadir
  comment :
  Flag indicating the quality of the reconstructed attitude and orbit ephemeris. A value of 0 indicates the reconstructed attitude and orbit ephemeris are both good. Non-zero values less than 64 indicate that the reconstructed attitude is good but there are issues that degrade the quality of the orbit ephemeris. A value of 64 indicates that the reconstructed attitude is degraded or bad.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866), dtype=uint8, chunks=(1, 1, 9866)>
```
- ancillary_surface_classification_flag
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  uint8
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  surface classification
  standard_name :
  status_flag
  source :
  MODIS/GlobCover
  institution :
  European Space Agency
  flag_meanings :
  open_ocean land continental_water aquatic_vegetation continental_ice_snow floating_ice salted_basin
  flag_values :
  [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  6
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  7-state surface type classification computed from a mask built with MODIS and GlobCover data.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint8, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- swh_wind_speed_karin_source_2
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  uint8
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  source flag for significant wave height information used to compute wind speed from KaRIn
  standard_name :
  status_flag
  flag_meanings :
  nadir_altimeter karin model
  flag_masks :
  [1, 2, 4]
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  7
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Bit flag that indicates the source of significant wave height information that was used to compute the wind speed estimate from KaRIn data in wind_speed_karin_2.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint8, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- rad_surface_type_flag
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_sides)
  uint8
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  radiometer surface type flag
  standard_name :
  status_flag
  source :
  Advanced Microwave Radiometer
  flag_meanings :
  open_ocean coastal_ocean land
  flag_values :
  [0, 1, 2]
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  2
  comment :
  Flag indicating the validity and type of processing applied to generate the wet troposphere correction (rad_wet_tropo_cor). A value of 0 indicates that open ocean processing is used, a value of 1 indicates coastal processing, and a value of 2 indicates that rad_wet_tropo_cor is invalid due to land contamination.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 2), dtype=uint8, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 2)>
```
- wind_speed_ssb_cor_source_2
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  uint8
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  source flag for wind speed information used to compute sea state bias correction
  standard_name :
  status_flag
  flag_meanings :
  nadir_altimeter karin model
  flag_masks :
  [1, 2, 4]
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  7
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Bit flag that indicates the source of wind speed information that was used to compute the sea state bias correction in sea_state_bias_cor_2.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint8, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- rain_flag
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  uint8
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  rain flag
  standard_name :
  status_flag
  flag_meanings :
  no_rain probable_rain rain no_data
  flag_values :
  [0, 1, 2, 3]
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  3
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Flag indicates that signal is attenuated, probably from rain.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint8, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- swh_wind_speed_karin_source
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  uint8
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  source flag for significant wave height information used to compute wind speed from KaRIn
  standard_name :
  status_flag
  flag_meanings :
  nadir_altimeter karin model
  flag_masks :
  [1, 2, 4]
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  7
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Bit flag that indicates the source of significant wave height information that was used to compute the wind speed estimate from KaRIn data in wind_speed_karin.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint8, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- wind_speed_ssb_cor_source
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  uint8
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  source flag for wind speed information used to compute sea state bias correction
  standard_name :
  status_flag
  flag_meanings :
  nadir_altimeter karin model
  flag_masks :
  [1, 2, 4]
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  7
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Bit flag that indicates the source of wind speed information that was used to compute the sea state bias correction in sea_state_bias_cor.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint8, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- swh_ssb_cor_source_2
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  uint8
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  source flag for significant wave height information used to compute sea state bias correction
  standard_name :
  status_flag
  flag_meanings :
  nadir_altimeter karin model
  flag_masks :
  [1, 2, 4]
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  7
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Bit flag that indicates the source of significant wave height information that was used to compute the sea state bias correction in sea_state_bias_cor_2.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint8, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- iono_cor_gim_ka
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  ionosphere vertical correction
  source :
  Global Ionosphere Maps
  institution :
  JPL
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  quality_flag :
  ssh_karin_2_qual
  valid_min :
  -5000
  valid_max :
  0
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Equivalent vertical correction due to ionosphere delay. The reported sea surface height, latitude and longitude are computed after adding negative media corrections to uncorrected range along slant-range paths, accounting for the differential delay between the two KaRIn antennas. The equivalent vertical correction is computed by applying obliquity factors to the slant-path correction. Adding the reported correction to the reported sea surface height results in the uncorrected sea surface height.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- rad_water_vapor
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_sides)
  int16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  water vapor content from radiometer
  standard_name :
  atmosphere_water_vapor_content
  source :
  Advanced Microwave Radiometer
  units :
  kg/m^2
  scale_factor :
  0.01
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  15000
  comment :
  Integrated water vapor content from radiometer measurements.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 2), dtype=int16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 2)>
```
- distance_to_coast
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  distance to coast
  source :
  MODIS/GlobCover
  institution :
  European Space Agency
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  1000.0
  valid_min :
  -21000
  valid_max :
  21000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Approximate distance to the nearest coast point along the Earth surface.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- rad_tmb_187
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_sides)
  int16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  radiometer main beam brightness temperature at 18.7 GHz
  standard_name :
  toa_brightness_temperature
  source :
  Advanced Microwave Radiometer
  units :
  K
  scale_factor :
  0.01
  valid_min :
  13000
  valid_max :
  25000
  comment :
  Main beam brightness temperature measurement at 18.7 GHz. Value is unsmoothed (along-track averaging has not been performed).
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 2), dtype=int16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 2)>
```
- pole_tide
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  geocentric pole tide height
  source :
  Wahr (1985) and Desai et al. (2015)
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  valid_min :
  -2000
  valid_max :
  2000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Geocentric pole tide height. The total of the contribution from the solid-Earth (body) pole tide height, the ocean pole tide height, and the load pole tide height (i.e., the effect of the ocean pole tide loading of the Earth's crust).
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- rad_tmb_238
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_sides)
  int16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  radiometer main beam brightness temperature at 23.8 GHz
  standard_name :
  toa_brightness_temperature
  source :
  Advanced Microwave Radiometer
  units :
  K
  scale_factor :
  0.01
  valid_min :
  13000
  valid_max :
  25000
  comment :
  Main beam brightness temperature measurement at 23.8 GHz. Value is unsmoothed (along-track averaging has not been performed).
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 2), dtype=int16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 2)>
```
- model_dry_tropo_cor
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  dry troposphere vertical correction
  source :
  European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
  institution :
  ECMWF
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  quality_flag :
  ssh_karin_2_qual
  valid_min :
  -30000
  valid_max :
  -15000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Equivalent vertical correction due to dry troposphere delay. The reported sea surface height, latitude and longitude are computed after adding negative media corrections to uncorrected range along slant-range paths, accounting for the differential delay between the two KaRIn antennas. The equivalent vertical correction is computed by applying obliquity factors to the slant-path correction. Adding the reported correction to the reported sea surface height results in the uncorrected sea surface height.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- orbit_alt_rate
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines)
  int16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  orbital altitude rate with respect to mean sea surface
  units :
  m/s
  scale_factor :
  0.01
  valid_min :
  -3500
  valid_max :
  3500
  coordinates :
  longitude_nadir latitude_nadir
  comment :
  Orbital altitude rate with respect to the mean sea surface.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866), dtype=int16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866)>
```
- ocean_tide_non_eq
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  non-equilibrium long-period ocean tide height
  source :
  FES2014b (Carrere et al., 2016)
  institution :
  LEGOS/CNES
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  valid_min :
  -2000
  valid_max :
  2000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Non-equilibrium long-period ocean tide height. This value is reported as a relative displacement with repsect to ocean_tide_eq. This value can be added to ocean_tide_eq, ocean_tide_fes, or ocean_tide_got, or subtracted from ssha_karin and ssha_karin_2, to account for the total long-period ocean tides from equilibrium and non-equilibrium contributions.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- depth_or_elevation
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  ocean depth or land elevation
  source :
  Altimeter Corrected Elevations, version 2
  institution :
  European Space Agency
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  1.0
  valid_min :
  -12000
  valid_max :
  10000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Ocean depth or land elevation above reference ellipsoid. Ocean depth (bathymetry) is given as negative values, and land elevation positive values.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- solid_earth_tide
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  solid Earth tide height
  source :
  Cartwright and Taylor (1971) and Cartwright and Edden (1973)
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  valid_min :
  -10000
  valid_max :
  10000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Solid-Earth (body) tide height. The zero-frequency permanent tide component is not included.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- load_tide_got
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  geocentric load tide height (GOT)
  source :
  GOT4.10c (Ray, 2013)
  institution :
  GSFC
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  valid_min :
  -2000
  valid_max :
  2000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Geocentric load tide height. The effect of the ocean tide loading of the Earth's crust. This value has already been added to the corresponding ocean tide height value (ocean_tide_got).
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- dac
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  dynamic atmospheric correction
  source :
  MOG2D
  institution :
  LEGOS/CNES/CLS
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  valid_min :
  -12000
  valid_max :
  12000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Model estimate of the effect on sea surface topography due to high frequency air pressure and wind effects and the low-frequency height from inverted barometer effect (inv_bar_cor). This value is subtracted from the ssh_karin and ssh_karin_2 to compute ssha_karin and ssha_karin_2, respectively. Use only one of inv_bar_cor and dac.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- ice_conc
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  concentration of sea ice
  standard_name :
  sea_ice_area_fraction
  source :
  EUMETSAT Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Applications Facility
  institution :
  EUMETSAT
  units :
  %
  scale_factor :
  0.01
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  10000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Concentration of sea ice from model.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- wind_speed_model_v
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  v component of model wind
  standard_name :
  northward_wind
  source :
  European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
  institution :
  ECMWF
  units :
  m/s
  scale_factor :
  0.001
  valid_min :
  -30000
  valid_max :
  30000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Northward component of the atmospheric model wind vector at 10 meters.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- rad_wet_tropo_cor
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  wet troposphere vertical correction from radiometer data
  source :
  Advanced Microwave Radiometer
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  quality_flag :
  ssh_karin_qual
  valid_min :
  -10000
  valid_max :
  0
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Equivalent vertical correction due to wet troposphere delay from radiometer measurements. The reported pixel height, latitude and longitude are computed after adding negative media corrections to uncorrected range along slant-range paths, accounting for the differential delay between the two KaRIn antennas. The equivalent vertical correction is computed by applying obliquity factors to the slant-path correction. Adding the reported correction to the reported sea surface height (ssh_karin) results in the uncorrected sea surface height.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- doppler_centroid
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  doppler centroid estimated by KaRIn
  units :
  1/s
  scale_factor :
  1.0
  valid_min :
  -30000
  valid_max :
  30000
  comment :
  Doppler centroid (in hertz or cycles per second) estimated by KaRIn.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- ocean_tide_eq
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  equilibrium long-period ocean tide height
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  valid_min :
  -2000
  valid_max :
  2000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Equilibrium long-period ocean tide height. This value has already been added to the corresponding ocean tide height values (ocean_tide_fes and ocean_tide_got).
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- rad_tmb_340
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_sides)
  int16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  radiometer main beam brightness temperature at 34.0 GHz
  standard_name :
  toa_brightness_temperature
  source :
  Advanced Microwave Radiometer
  units :
  K
  scale_factor :
  0.01
  valid_min :
  15000
  valid_max :
  28000
  comment :
  Main beam brightness temperature measurement at 34.0 GHz. Value is unsmoothed (along-track averaging has not been performed).
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 2), dtype=int16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 2)>
```
- model_wet_tropo_cor
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  wet troposphere vertical correction from weather model data
  source :
  European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
  institution :
  ECMWF
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  quality_flag :
  ssh_karin_2_qual
  valid_min :
  -10000
  valid_max :
  0
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Equivalent vertical correction due to wet troposphere delay from weather model data. The reported pixel height, latitude and longitude are computed after adding negative media corrections to uncorrected range along slant-range paths, accounting for the differential delay between the two KaRIn antennas. The equivalent vertical correction is computed by applying obliquity factors to the slant-path correction. Adding the reported correction to the reported sea surface height (ssh_karin_2) results in the uncorrected sea surface height.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- inv_bar_cor
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  static inverse barometer effect on sea surface height
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  valid_min :
  -2000
  valid_max :
  2000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Estimate of static effect of atmospheric pressure on sea surface height. Above average pressure lowers sea surface height. Computed by interpolating ECMWF pressure fields in space and time. The value is included in dac. To apply, add dac to ssha_karin and ssha_karin_2 and subtract inv_bar_cor.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- mean_dynamic_topography
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  mean dynamic topography
  source :
  CNES_CLS_2022
  institution :
  CNES/CLS
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  valid_min :
  -30000
  valid_max :
  30000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Mean dynamic topography above the geoid.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- internal_tide_hret
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  coherent internal tide (HRET)
  source :
  Zaron (2019)
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  valid_min :
  -2000
  valid_max :
  2000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Coherent internal ocean tide. This value is subtracted from the ssh_karin and ssh_karin_2 to compute ssha_karin and ssha_karin_2, respectively.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- sea_state_bias_cor
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  sea state bias correction
  source :
  CNES
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  valid_min :
  -6000
  valid_max :
  0
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Sea state bias correction used to compute ssh_karin. Adding the reported correction to the reported sea surface height results in the uncorrected sea surface height. The wind_speed_karin value is used to compute this quantity.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- load_tide_fes
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  geocentric load tide height (FES)
  source :
  FES2014b (Carrere et al., 2016)
  institution :
  LEGOS/CNES
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  valid_min :
  -2000
  valid_max :
  2000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Geocentric load tide height. The effect of the ocean tide loading of the Earth's crust. This value has already been added to the corresponding ocean tide height value (ocean_tide_fes).
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- mean_wave_period_t02
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  t02 mean wave period
  standard_name :
  sea_surface_wind_wave_mean_period_from_variance_spectral_density_second_frequency_moment
  source :
  Meteo France Wave Model (MF-WAM)
  institution :
  Meteo France
  units :
  s
  scale_factor :
  0.01
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  10000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Sea surface wind wave mean period from model spectral density second moment.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- wind_speed_model_u
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  u component of model wind
  standard_name :
  eastward_wind
  source :
  European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
  institution :
  ECMWF
  units :
  m/s
  scale_factor :
  0.001
  valid_min :
  -30000
  valid_max :
  30000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Eastward component of the atmospheric model wind vector at 10 meters.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- rad_cloud_liquid_water
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_sides)
  int16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  liquid water content from radiometer
  standard_name :
  atmosphere_cloud_liquid_water_content
  source :
  Advanced Microwave Radiometer
  units :
  kg/m^2
  scale_factor :
  0.01
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  2000
  comment :
  Integrated cloud liquid water content from radiometer measurements.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 2), dtype=int16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 2)>
```
- sea_state_bias_cor_2
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  sea state bias correction
  source :
  CNES
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  valid_min :
  -6000
  valid_max :
  0
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Sea state bias correction used to compute ssh_karin_2. Adding the reported correction to the reported sea surface height results in the uncorrected sea surface height. The wind_speed_karin_2 value is used to compute this quantity.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- internal_tide_sol2
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  coherent internal tide (Model 2)
  source :
  None
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  valid_min :
  -2000
  valid_max :
  2000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Coherent internal tide. This value is currently always defaulted.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- swh_karin_uncert
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  uint16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  1-sigma uncertainty on significant wave height from KaRIn
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  0.001
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  25000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  1-sigma uncertainty on significant wave height from KaRIn.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- mean_dynamic_topography_uncert
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  uint16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  mean dynamic topography accuracy
  source :
  CNES_CLS_2022
  institution :
  CNES/CLS
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  10000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Accuracy of the mean dynamic topography.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- swh_nadir_altimeter
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  uint16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  significant wave height from nadir altimeter
  standard_name :
  sea_surface_wave_significant_height
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  0.001
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  15000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Significant wave height from nadir altimeter.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- wind_speed_rad
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_sides)
  uint16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  wind speed from radiometer
  standard_name :
  wind_speed
  source :
  Advanced Microwave Radiometer
  units :
  m/s
  scale_factor :
  0.001
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  65000
  comment :
  Wind speed from radiometer measurements.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 2), dtype=uint16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 2)>
```
- wind_speed_karin_2
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  uint16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  wind speed from KaRIn
  standard_name :
  wind_speed
  units :
  m/s
  scale_factor :
  0.001
  quality_flag :
  wind_speed_karin_2_qual
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  65000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Wind speed from KaRIn computed from sig0_karin_2.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- heading_to_coast
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  uint16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  heading to coast
  units :
  degrees
  scale_factor :
  0.01
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  35999
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Approximate compass heading (0-360 degrees with respect to true north) to the nearest coast point.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- ssh_karin_uncert
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  uint16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  sea surface height anomaly uncertainty
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  60000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  1-sigma uncertainty on the sea surface height from the KaRIn measurement.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- volumetric_correlation_uncert
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  uint16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  volumetric correlation standard deviation
  units :
  1
  scale_factor :
  0.01
  quality_flag :
  ssh_karin_2_qual
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  10000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  1-sigma uncertainty computed analytically using observed correlation and effective number of looks. Two-sided error bars (volumetric_correlation-volumetric_correlation_uncert, volumetric_correlation+volumetric_correlation_uncert) include 68% of probability distribution.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- wind_speed_karin
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  uint16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  wind speed from KaRIn
  standard_name :
  wind_speed
  units :
  m/s
  scale_factor :
  0.001
  quality_flag :
  wind_speed_karin_qual
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  65000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Wind speed from KaRIn computed from sig0_karin.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- volumetric_correlation
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  uint16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  volumetric correlation
  units :
  1
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  quality_flag :
  ssh_karin_2_qual
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  20000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Volumetric correlation.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- mean_wave_direction
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  uint16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  mean sea surface wave direction
  source :
  Meteo France Wave Model (MF-WAM)
  institution :
  Meteo France
  units :
  degree
  scale_factor :
  0.01
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  36000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Mean sea surface wave direction.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- swh_model
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  uint16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  significant wave height from wave model
  standard_name :
  sea_surface_wave_significant_height
  source :
  European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
  institution :
  ECMWF
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  0.001
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  15000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Significant wave height from model.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- mean_sea_surface_dtu_uncert
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  uint16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  mean sea surface height accuracy (DTU)
  source :
  DTU18
  institution :
  DTU
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  10000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Accuracy of the mean sea surface height (mean_sea_surface_dtu)
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- num_pt_avg
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  uint16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  number of samples averaged
  units :
  1
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  289
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Number of native unsmoothed, beam-combined KaRIn samples averaged.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- swh_karin
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  uint16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  significant wave height from KaRIn
  standard_name :
  sea_surface_wave_significant_height
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  0.001
  quality_flag :
  swh_karin_qual
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  15000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Significant wave height from KaRIn volumetric correlation.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- mean_sea_surface_cnescls_uncert
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  uint16
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  mean sea surface height accuracy (CNES/CLS)
  source :
  CNES_CLS_2022
  institution :
  CNES/CLS
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  10000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Accuracy of the mean sea surface height (mean_sea_surface_cnescls).
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint16, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- height_cor_xover
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int32
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  height correction from crossover calibration
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  quality_flag :
  height_cor_xover_qual
  valid_min :
  -100000
  valid_max :
  100000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Height correction from crossover calibration. To apply this correction the value of height_cor_xover should be added to the value of ssh_karin, ssh_karin_2, ssha_karin, and ssha_karin_2.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int32, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- phase_bias_ref_surface
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int32
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  height of reference surface used for phase bias calculation
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  valid_min :
  -15000000
  valid_max :
  150000000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Height (relative to the reference ellipsoid) of the reference surface used for phase bias calculation during L1B processing.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int32, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- mean_sea_surface_dtu
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int32
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  mean sea surface height (DTU)
  source :
  DTU18
  institution :
  DTU
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  valid_min :
  -1500000
  valid_max :
  1500000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Mean sea surface height above the reference ellipsoid. The value is referenced to the mean tide system, i.e. includes the permanent tide (zero frequency).
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int32, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- sc_altitude
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines)
  int32
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  altitude of KMSF origin
  standard_name :
  height_above_reference_ellipsoid
  units :
  m
  add_offset :
  800000.0
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  quality_flag :
  orbit_qual
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  2000000000
  coordinates :
  longitude_nadir latitude_nadir
  comment :
  Altitude of the KMSF origin.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866), dtype=int32, chunks=(1, 1, 9866)>
```
- sc_yaw
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines)
  int32
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  yaw of the spacecraft
  standard_name :
  platform_yaw_angle
  units :
  degrees
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  quality_flag :
  orbit_qual
  valid_min :
  -1799999
  valid_max :
  1800000
  coordinates :
  longitude_nadir latitude_nadir
  comment :
  KMSF attitude yaw angle relative to the nadir track. The yaw angle is a right-handed rotation about the nadir (downward) direction. A yaw value of 0 deg indicates that the KMSF +x axis is aligned with the horizontal component of the Earth-relative velocity vector. A yaw value of 180 deg indicates that the spacecraft is in a yaw-flipped state, with the KMSF -x axis aligned with the horizontal component of the Earth-relative velocity vector.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866), dtype=int32, chunks=(1, 1, 9866)>
```
- velocity_heading
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines)
  int32
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  heading of the spacecraft Earth-relative velocity vector
  units :
  degrees
  scale_factor :
  1e-06
  quality_flag :
  orbit_qual
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  359999999
  coordinates :
  longitude_nadir latitude_nadir
  comment :
  Angle with respect to true north of the horizontal component of the spacecraft Earth-relative velocity vector. A value of 90 deg indicates that the spacecraft velocity vector pointed due east. Values between 0 and 90 deg indicate that the velocity vector has a northward component, and values between 90 and 180 deg indicate that the velocity vector has a southward component.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866), dtype=int32, chunks=(1, 1, 9866)>
```
- ssh_karin
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int32
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  sea surface height
  standard_name :
  sea surface height above reference ellipsoid
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  quality_flag :
  ssh_karin_qual
  valid_min :
  -15000000
  valid_max :
  150000000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Fully corrected sea surface height measured by KaRIn. The height is relative to the reference ellipsoid defined in the global attributes. This value is computed using radiometer measurements for wet troposphere effects on the KaRIn measurement (e.g., rad_wet_tropo_cor and sea_state_bias_cor).
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int32, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- ssha_karin_2
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int32
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  sea surface height anomaly
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  quality_flag :
  ssha_karin_2_qual
  valid_min :
  -1000000
  valid_max :
  1000000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Sea surface height anomaly from the KaRIn measurement = ssh_karin_2 - mean_sea_surface_cnescls - solid_earth_tide - ocean_tide_fes \342\200\223 internal_tide_hret - pole_tide - dac.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int32, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- longitude_avg_ssh
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int32
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  weighted average longitude of samples used to compute SSH
  standard_name :
  longitude
  units :
  degrees_east
  scale_factor :
  1e-06
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  359999999
  comment :
  Longitude of measurement. East longitude relative to Greenwich meridian. This value may be biased away from a nominal grid location if some of the native, unsmoothed samples were discarded during processing.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int32, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- ssh_karin_2
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int32
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  sea surface height
  standard_name :
  sea surface height above reference ellipsoid
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  quality_flag :
  ssh_karin_2_qual
  valid_min :
  -15000000
  valid_max :
  150000000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Fully corrected sea surface height measured by KaRIn. The height is relative to the reference ellipsoid defined in the global attributes. This value is computed using model-based estimates for wet troposphere effects on the KaRIn measurement (e.g., model_wet_tropo_cor and sea_state_bias_cor_2).
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int32, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- ssha_karin
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int32
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  sea surface height anomaly
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  quality_flag :
  ssha_karin_qual
  valid_min :
  -1000000
  valid_max :
  1000000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Sea surface height anomaly from the KaRIn measurement = ssh_karin - mean_sea_surface_cnescls - solid_earth_tide - ocean_tide_fes \342\200\223 internal_tide_hret - pole_tide - dac.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int32, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- cross_track_angle
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines)
  int32
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  cross-track angle from true north
  units :
  degrees
  scale_factor :
  1e-06
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  359999999
  coordinates :
  longitude_nadir latitude_nadir
  comment :
  Angle with respect to true north of the cross-track direction to the right of the spacecraft velocity vector.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866), dtype=int32, chunks=(1, 1, 9866)>
```
- geoid
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int32
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  geoid height
  standard_name :
  geoid_height_above_reference_ellipsoid
  source :
  EGM2008 (Pavlis et al., 2012)
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  valid_min :
  -1500000
  valid_max :
  1500000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Geoid height above the reference ellipsoid with a correction to refer the value to the mean tide system, i.e. includes the permanent tide (zero frequency).
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int32, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- ocean_tide_fes
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int32
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  geocentric ocean tide height (FES)
  source :
  FES2014b (Carrere et al., 2016)
  institution :
  LEGOS/CNES
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  valid_min :
  -300000
  valid_max :
  300000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Geocentric ocean tide height. Includes the sum total of the ocean tide, the corresponding load tide (load_tide_fes) and equilibrium long-period ocean tide height (ocean_tide_eq).
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int32, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- obp_ref_surface
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int32
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  height of reference surface used by on-board-processor
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  valid_min :
  -15000000
  valid_max :
  150000000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Height (relative to the reference ellipsoid) of the reference surface used by the KaRIn on-board processor.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int32, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- ocean_tide_got
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int32
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  geocentric ocean tide height (GOT)
  source :
  GOT4.10c (Ray, 2013)
  institution :
  GSFC
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  valid_min :
  -300000
  valid_max :
  300000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Geocentric ocean tide height. Includes the sum total of the ocean tide, the corresponding load tide (load_tide_got) and equilibrium long-period ocean tide height (ocean_tide_eq).
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int32, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- sc_pitch
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines)
  int32
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  pitch of the spacecraft
  standard_name :
  platform_pitch_angle
  units :
  degrees
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  quality_flag :
  orbit_qual
  valid_min :
  -1799999
  valid_max :
  1800000
  coordinates :
  longitude_nadir latitude_nadir
  comment :
  KMSF attitude pitch angle; positive values move the KMSF +x axis up.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866), dtype=int32, chunks=(1, 1, 9866)>
```
- mean_sea_surface_cnescls
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int32
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  mean sea surface height (CNES/CLS)
  source :
  CNES_CLS_2022
  institution :
  CNES/CLS
  units :
  m
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  valid_min :
  -1500000
  valid_max :
  1500000
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Mean sea surface height above the reference ellipsoid. The value is referenced to the mean tide system, i.e. includes the permanent tide (zero frequency).
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int32, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- latitude_avg_ssh
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  int32
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  weighted average latitude of samples used to compute SSH
  standard_name :
  latitude
  units :
  degrees_north
  scale_factor :
  1e-06
  valid_min :
  -80000000
  valid_max :
  80000000
  comment :
  Latitude of measurement [-80,80]. Positive latitude is North latitude, negative latitude is South latitude. This value may be biased away from a nominal grid location if some of the native, unsmoothed samples were discarded during processing.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=int32, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- sc_roll
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines)
  int32
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  roll of the spacecraft
  standard_name :
  platform_roll_angle
  units :
  degrees
  scale_factor :
  0.0001
  quality_flag :
  orbit_qual
  valid_min :
  -1799999
  valid_max :
  1800000
  coordinates :
  longitude_nadir latitude_nadir
  comment :
  KMSF attitude roll angle; positive values move the +y antenna down.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866), dtype=int32, chunks=(1, 1, 9866)>
```
- ssha_karin_2_qual
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  uint32
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  sea surface height anomaly quality flag
  standard_name :
  status_flag
  flag_meanings :
  suspect_large_ssh_delta suspect_large_ssh_std suspect_large_ssh_window_std suspect_beam_used suspect_less_than_nine_beams suspect_ssb_out_of_range suspect_pixel_used suspect_num_pt_avg suspect_karin_telem suspect_orbit_control suspect_sc_event_flag suspect_tvp_qual suspect_volumetric_corr degraded_ssb_not_computable degraded_media_delays_missing degraded_beam_used degraded_large_attitude degraded_karin_ifft_overflow bad_karin_telem bad_very_large_attitude bad_tide_corrections_missing bad_outside_of_range degraded bad_not_usable
  flag_masks :
  [1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 32768, 65536, 131072, 262144, 524288, 16777216, 33554432, 67108864, 536870912, 1073741824, 2147483648]
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  3876569055
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Quality flag for the SSHA from KaRIn in the ssha_karin_2 variable
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint32, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- wind_speed_karin_2_qual
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  uint32
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  quality flag for wind speed from KaRIn.
  standard_name :
  status_flag
  flag_meanings :
  suspect_beam_used suspect_less_than_nine_beams suspect_pixel_used suspect_num_pt_avg suspect_karin_telem suspect_orbit_control suspect_sc_event_flag suspect_tvp_qual suspect_volumetric_corr degraded_media_attenuation_missing degraded_beam_used degraded_large_attitude degraded_karin_ifft_overflow bad_karin_telem bad_very_large_attitude bad_outside_of_range degraded bad_not_usable
  flag_masks :
  [8, 16, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 65536, 131072, 262144, 524288, 16777216, 33554432, 536870912, 1073741824, 2147483648]
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  3809427352
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Quality flag for wind speed from KaRIn in wind_speed_karin_2 variable.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint32, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- sig0_karin_2_qual
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  uint32
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  quality flag for sigma0 from KaRIn.
  standard_name :
  status_flag
  flag_meanings :
  suspect_large_nrcs_delta suspect_large_nrcs_std suspect_large_nrcs_window_std suspect_beam_used suspect_less_than_nine_beams suspect_pixel_used suspect_num_pt_avg suspect_karin_telem suspect_orbit_control suspect_sc_event_flag suspect_tvp_qual suspect_volumetric_corr degraded_media_attenuation_missing degraded_beam_used degraded_large_attitude degraded_karin_ifft_overflow bad_karin_telem bad_very_large_attitude bad_outside_of_range degraded bad_not_usable
  flag_masks :
  [1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 65536, 131072, 262144, 524288, 16777216, 33554432, 536870912, 1073741824, 2147483648]
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  3809427359
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Quality flag for sigma0 from KaRIn in sig0_karin_2 variable.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint32, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- ssha_karin_qual
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  uint32
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  sea surface height anomaly quality flag
  standard_name :
  status_flag
  flag_meanings :
  suspect_large_ssh_delta suspect_large_ssh_std suspect_large_ssh_window_std suspect_beam_used suspect_less_than_nine_beams suspect_ssb_out_of_range suspect_pixel_used suspect_num_pt_avg suspect_karin_telem suspect_orbit_control suspect_sc_event_flag suspect_tvp_qual suspect_volumetric_corr degraded_ssb_not_computable degraded_media_delays_missing degraded_beam_used degraded_large_attitude degraded_karin_ifft_overflow bad_karin_telem bad_very_large_attitude bad_tide_corrections_missing bad_ssb_missing bad_radiometer_corr_missing bad_outside_of_range degraded bad_not_usable
  flag_masks :
  [1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 32768, 65536, 131072, 262144, 524288, 16777216, 33554432, 67108864, 134217728, 268435456, 536870912, 1073741824, 2147483648]
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  4279222239
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Quality flag for the SSHA from KaRIn in the ssha_karin variable.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint32, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- sig0_karin_qual
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  uint32
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  quality flag for sigma0 from KaRIn.
  standard_name :
  status_flag
  flag_meanings :
  suspect_large_nrcs_delta suspect_large_nrcs_std suspect_large_nrcs_window_std suspect_beam_used suspect_less_than_nine_beams suspect_pixel_used suspect_num_pt_avg suspect_karin_telem suspect_orbit_control suspect_sc_event_flag suspect_tvp_qual suspect_volumetric_corr degraded_media_attenuation_missing degraded_beam_used degraded_large_attitude degraded_karin_ifft_overflow bad_karin_telem bad_very_large_attitude bad_radiometer_media_attenuation_missing bad_outside_of_range degraded bad_not_usable
  flag_masks :
  [1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 65536, 131072, 262144, 524288, 16777216, 33554432, 268435456, 536870912, 1073741824, 2147483648]
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  4077862815
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Quality flag for sigma0 from KaRIn in sig0_karin_qual variable.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint32, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- ssh_karin_2_qual
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  uint32
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  quality flag for sea surface height from KaRIn
  standard_name :
  status_flag
  flag_meanings :
  suspect_large_ssh_delta suspect_large_ssh_std suspect_large_ssh_window_std suspect_beam_used suspect_less_than_nine_beams suspect_ssb_out_of_range suspect_pixel_used suspect_num_pt_avg suspect_karin_telem suspect_orbit_control suspect_sc_event_flag suspect_tvp_qual suspect_volumetric_corr degraded_ssb_not_computable degraded_media_delays_missing degraded_beam_used degraded_large_attitude degraded_karin_ifft_overflow bad_karin_telem bad_very_large_attitude bad_outside_of_range degraded bad_not_usable
  flag_masks :
  [1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 32768, 65536, 131072, 262144, 524288, 16777216, 33554432, 536870912, 1073741824, 2147483648]
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  3809460191
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Quality flag for sea surface height from KaRIn in ssh_karin_2 variable.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint32, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- ssh_karin_qual
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  uint32
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  quality flag for sea surface height from KaRIn
  standard_name :
  status_flag
  flag_meanings :
  suspect_large_ssh_delta suspect_large_ssh_std suspect_large_ssh_window_std suspect_beam_used suspect_less_than_nine_beams suspect_ssb_out_of_range suspect_pixel_used suspect_num_pt_avg suspect_karin_telem suspect_orbit_control suspect_sc_event_flag suspect_tvp_qual suspect_volumetric_corr degraded_ssb_not_computable degraded_media_delays_missing degraded_beam_used degraded_large_attitude degraded_karin_ifft_overflow bad_karin_telem bad_very_large_attitude bad_ssb_missing bad_radiometer_corr_missing bad_outside_of_range degraded bad_not_usable
  flag_masks :
  [1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 32768, 65536, 131072, 262144, 524288, 16777216, 33554432, 134217728, 268435456, 536870912, 1073741824, 2147483648]
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  4212113375
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Quality flag for sea surface height from KaRIn in ssh_karin variable.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint32, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- swh_karin_qual
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  uint32
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  quality flag for significant wave height from KaRIn.
  standard_name :
  status_flag
  flag_meanings :
  suspect_beam_used suspect_less_than_nine_beams suspect_rain_likely suspect_pixel_used suspect_num_pt_avg suspect_karin_telem suspect_orbit_control suspect_sc_event_flag suspect_tvp_qual suspect_volumetric_corr degraded_beam_used degraded_large_attitude degraded_karin_ifft_overflow bad_karin_telem bad_very_large_attitude bad_outside_of_range degraded bad_not_usable
  flag_masks :
  [8, 16, 32, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 131072, 262144, 524288, 16777216, 33554432, 536870912, 1073741824, 2147483648]
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  3809361848
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Quality flag for significant wave height from KaRIn in swh_karin_qual variable.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint32, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- wind_speed_karin_qual
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  uint32
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  quality flag for wind speed from KaRIn.
  standard_name :
  status_flag
  flag_meanings :
  suspect_beam_used suspect_less_than_nine_beams suspect_pixel_used suspect_num_pt_avg suspect_karin_telem suspect_orbit_control suspect_sc_event_flag suspect_tvp_qual suspect_volumetric_corr degraded_media_attenuation_missing degraded_beam_used degraded_large_attitude degraded_karin_ifft_overflow bad_karin_telem bad_very_large_attitude bad_radiometer_media_attenuation_missing bad_outside_of_range degraded bad_not_usable
  flag_masks :
  [8, 16, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 65536, 131072, 262144, 524288, 16777216, 33554432, 268435456, 536870912, 1073741824, 2147483648]
  valid_min :
  0
  valid_max :
  4077862808
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Quality flag for wind speed from KaRIn in wind_speed_karin variable.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=uint32, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- sig0_karin_2
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  float32
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  normalized radar cross section (sigma0) from KaRIn
  standard_name :
  surface_backwards_scattering_coefficient_of_radar_wave
  units :
  1
  quality_flag :
  sig0_karin_2_qual
  valid_min :
  -1000.0
  valid_max :
  10000000.0
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Normalized radar cross section (sigma0) from KaRIn in real, linear units (not decibels). The value may be negative due to noise subtraction. The value is corrected for instrument calibration and atmospheric attenuation. A meteorological model provides the atmospheric attenuation (sig0_cor_atmos_model).
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=float32, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- sig0_karin
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  float32
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  normalized radar cross section (sigma0) from KaRIn
  standard_name :
  surface_backwards_scattering_coefficient_of_radar_wave
  units :
  1
  quality_flag :
  sig0_karin_qual
  valid_min :
  -1000.0
  valid_max :
  10000000.0
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Normalized radar cross section (sigma0) from KaRIn in real, linear units (not decibels). The value may be negative due to noise subtraction. The value is corrected for instrument calibration and atmospheric attenuation. Radiometer measurements provide the atmospheric attenuation (sig0_cor_atmos_rad).
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=float32, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- sig0_cor_atmos_rad
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  float32
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  two-way atmospheric correction to sigma0 from radiometer data
  source :
  Advanced Microwave Radiometer
  units :
  1
  quality_flag :
  sig0_karin_qual
  valid_min :
  1.0
  valid_max :
  10.0
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Atmospheric correction to sigma0 from radiometer data as a linear power multiplier (not decibels). sig0_cor_atmos_rad is already applied in computing sig0_karin.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=float32, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- x_factor
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  float32
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  radiometric calibration X factor as a composite value for the X factors of the +y and -y channels
  units :
  1
  valid_min :
  0.0
  valid_max :
  1.0000000200408773e+20
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Radiometric calibration X factor as a linear power ratio.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=float32, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- sig0_cor_atmos_model
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  float32
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  two-way atmospheric correction to sigma0 from model
  source :
  European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
  institution :
  ECMWF
  units :
  1
  quality_flag :
  sig0_karin_2_qual
  valid_min :
  1.0
  valid_max :
  10.0
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Atmospheric correction to sigma0 from weather model data as a linear power multiplier (not decibels). sig0_cor_atmos_model is already applied in computing sig0_karin_2.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=float32, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- cross_track_distance
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  float32
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  cross track distance
  units :
  m
  valid_min :
  -75000.0
  valid_max :
  75000.0
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  Distance of sample from nadir. Negative values indicate the left side of the swath, and positive values indicate the right side of the swath.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=float32, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- sig0_karin_uncert
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_pixels)
  float32
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  1-sigma uncertainty on sigma0 from KaRIn
  units :
  1
  valid_min :
  0.0
  valid_max :
  1000.0
  coordinates :
  longitude latitude
  comment :
  1-sigma uncertainty on sigma0 from KaRIn.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 69), dtype=float32, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 69)>
```
- time
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines)
  float64
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  time in UTC
  standard_name :
  time
  calendar :
  gregorian
  tai_utc_difference :
  37.0
  leap_second :
  0000-00-00T00:00:00Z
  units :
  seconds since 2000-01-01 00:00:00.0
  comment :
  Time of measurement in seconds in the UTC time scale since 1 Jan 2000 00:00:00 UTC. [tai_utc_difference] is the difference between TAI and UTC reference time (seconds) for the first measurement of the data set. If a leap second occurs within the data set, the attribute leap_second is set to the UTC time at which the leap second occurs.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866), dtype=float64, chunks=(1, 1, 9866)>
```
- time_tai
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines)
  float64
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  time in TAI
  standard_name :
  time
  calendar :
  gregorian
  tai_utc_difference :
  37.0
  units :
  seconds since 2000-01-01 00:00:00.0
  comment :
  Time of measurement in seconds in the TAI time scale since 1 Jan 2000 00:00:00 TAI. This time scale contains no leap seconds. The difference (in seconds) with time in UTC is given by the attribute [time:tai_utc_difference].
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866), dtype=float64, chunks=(1, 1, 9866)>
```
- polarization_karin
  (cycle_num, pass_num, num_lines, num_sides)
  object
  ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866...
  long_name :
  polarization for each side of the KaRIn swath
  comment :
  H denotes co-polarized linear horizontal, V denotes co-polarized linear vertical.
```
ManifestArray<shape=(1, 10, 9866, 2), dtype=object, chunks=(1, 1, 9866, 2)>
```

Indexes: (2)

cycle_num

PandasIndex

PandasIndex(Index([1], dtype='int64', name='cycle_num'))

pass_num

PandasIndex

PandasIndex(Index([149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158], dtype='int64', name='pass_num'))

Attributes: (29)
Conventions :
CF-1.7
title :
Level 2 Low Rate Sea Surface Height Data Product - Expert SSH with Wind and Wave
institution :
JPL
source :
Ka-band radar interferometer
platform :
SWOT
reference_document :
D-56407_SWOT_Product_Description_L2_LR_SSH
contact :
podaac@jpl.nasa.gov
cycle_number :
1
short_name :
L2_LR_SSH
product_file_id :
Expert
crid :
PGC0
product_version :
01
pge_name :
PGE_L2_LR_SSH
pge_version :
5.0.2
geospatial_lat_min :
-78.271942
geospatial_lat_max :
78.27206799999999
wavelength :
0.008385803020979021
transmit_antenna :
minus_y
xref_int_lr_xover_cal_file :
SWOT_INT_LR_XOverCal_20230725T233604_20230726T233656_PGC0_01.nc
xref_statickarincal_files :
SWOT_StaticKaRInCalAdjustableParam_20000101T000000_20991231T235959_20230823T210000_v106.nc
xref_param_l2_lr_precalssh_file :
SWOT_Param_L2_LR_PreCalSSH_20000101T000000_20991231T235959_20230815T120500_v301.nc
xref_orbit_ephemeris_file :
SWOT_VOR_AXVCNE20231020_093949_20230725_225923_20230727_005923.nc
xref_reforbittrack_files :
SWOT_RefOrbitTrack125mPass1_Nom_20000101T000000_21000101T000000_20200617T193054_v101.txt, SWOT_RefOrbitTrack125mPass2_Nom_20000101T000000_21000101T000000_20200617T193054_v101.txt
xref_pole_location_file :
SMM_PO1_AXXCNE20231122_020000_19900101_000000_20240520_000000
xref_wave_model_files :
SMM_WMA_AXPCNE20230727_072014_20230726_030000_20230727_000000.grb
xref_geco_database_version :
v102
ellipsoid_semi_major_axis :
6378137.0
ellipsoid_flattening :
0.0033528106647474805
references :
V1.2.1